摘要：流感嗜血杆菌(Hi)根据有无荚膜分为可分型流感嗜血杆菌(THi)和无荚膜不可分型流感嗜血杆菌(NTHi)。其中NTHi是人呼吸道的常见共生体,但常引起婴幼儿黏膜感染,甚至侵入内部组织或器官引起多种疾病[1],并在支气管内的持续、复发感染和其伴随的中性粒细胞浸润中逐渐受到关注。慢性化脓性肺疾病(CSLD)和支气管扩张症是慢性支气管内感染,是一些儿童和成人过早死亡的原因[2];迁延性细菌性支气管炎(PBB)是另一种发病率较高的慢性支气管内感染,在一些儿童中可能发展为支气管扩张。
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