摘要：当RNA聚合酶Ⅱ(RNAPⅡ)离开启动子开始转录延伸时，会遇到包括紧密包装形成染色质的核小体在内的多种障碍，细胞内存在多种因子可协助RNAPⅡ克服这些障碍，保证转录的顺利进行。遗传和生化研究已经分离和鉴定了一些在此过程中起作用的延伸因子(elongation factor)，现依据作用方式和效果对目前发现的主要延伸因子的研究进展进行了分类综述。
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