摘要:转录后基因沉默(post-transcriptional gene silencing,PTGS)是分子生物学中热点之一.PTGS在植物和动物中都有发生,并在病毒防御和转座子沉默机制中起着关键作用.RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是双链RNA(double-stranded RNA,dsRNA)诱导的PTGS,在以线虫为对象的实验中发现并命名.它具有以下特点(以线虫为例):①阻断基因表达的是双链RNA,而不是单链反义RNA;②在转录后水平发挥作用;(实验证实dsRNA和基因外显子部分同源才发挥作用);③具有高度特异性,即只抑制与dsRNA同源的基因;④具有很高的效率,几个拷贝的dsRNA即可引起细胞内特异基因的表达大幅降低;⑤干扰作用可扩散,从一点注入dsRNA,作用可遍及全身;⑥能遗传给下一代,经过dsRNA处理后的线虫的子一代中仍然发生RNAi现象[1].
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